Genetic Engineering Technology - 1689 Words

Modern genetic engineering technologies are advancing, and genetically modifying a genome is becoming a reality. The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated system (CAS9) genome editing system is the most advanced in use. CRISPR can edit a genome more accurately and with higher precision than any other system. The intended use of the CRISPR/CAS9 system is to insert a gene, delete a gene, or silence a gene, leading to powerful applications (Christensen and Choy 2017a). For example, scientists plan to use this technology to change the genome and resulting phenotype in the efforts to eliminate potentially lethal diseases. One such disease is Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired†¦show more content†¦CRISPR was first exploited in 2007, by a food ingredient company. Their focus was on applications of the system to fermented milk bacteria (Streptococcus thermophilus) in the production of yogurt and cheese. By utilizing the CRISPR system, the company was able to vaccinate the bacteria used in their product against unwanted bacteriophages (Stachler and Marchfelder 2016a). Since then, the greater applications of the system have been realized. CRISPR is an adaptive natural immune system used by bacteria to protect against bacteriophages that replicate within the bacterium. It starts when a bacteriophage lands on the membrane of a bacterium cell, where it injects its DNA into the cell. Shortly after the DNA is injected, the infected bacterium detects the presence of bacteriophage DNA, leading to a production of a complex. The complex consists of the CAS9 nuclease and a twenty-base sequence short guide RNA known as sgRNA. The complex wraps around the bacteriophage DNA, and travels along until it reaches a targeted sequence indicated by the RNA. The sgRNA searches for complementary bases, only attaching at that region of the genome, ensuring the proper location. Upon reaching the location, the CAS9 enzyme will proceed to make a double stranded cleave through the DNA, disabling the bacteriophage and protecting the bacteria (Richter et al. 2012a). Bioengineers have generated a custom sgRNA within a CAS9 nuclease to search for a specific gene location within theShow MoreRelatedGenetic Engineering : An Unnatural Cell Invasion Technology2277 Words   |  10 PagesGenetic engineering is a complex environmental health issue that presents several benefits and risks to both consumers and the environment. Genetic engineering is a technique used to produce genetically modified organisms (GMOs), which are genetically altered in a way that does not occur naturally by mating or natural recombination (WHO, 2014). In other words, genetic engineering is an unnatural cell invasion technology. This technology is used to grow genetically modified (GM) plants, which areRead MoreGenetic Engineering : A New Technology1311 Words   |  6 PagesGenetic Engineering Genetic engineering is a new technology that is not utilized to its full potential. Often called modern biotechnology, genetic engineering can bring humanity into a better medical and agricultural age. Genetic engineering is an important scientific breakthrough because by altering DNA, scientists can improve food, create organs for transplant, and prevent certain diseases and birth defects. The field of genetic engineering has developed very quickly due to the greater understandingRead MoreGenetic Engineering : Technology, Equipment, And Experimentation Essay1678 Words   |  7 Pagesdoesn’t seem realistic in this day and age, but this is what our world is heading towards due to enhancements in scientific knowledge, technology, equipment and experimentation. This enables these scientists to undergo the delicate process used to enhance the characteristics of the individual. This process is known as genetic engineering. The aim of genetic engineering is to add new genes that have not been found in the individual. This could involve changing a base pair A-T or C-G in the DNA. In orderRead MoreReaction Paper On Genetic Engineering Technology741 Words   |  3 PagesWhat is I told you I could take your eyes and make them green, blue, even hazel?What if I said that all this could be done with a genetic engineering technology called CRISPR. CRISPR is a relatively new technology that can do just that and more†¦Now when I say CRISPR most people automatically think about the area in the fridge where vegetables are stored, but its more than that and its going to change the world right before our changing eyes. Traditionally, we had only a handful of ways that couldRead MoreGenetic Engineering : A World Where Autism And Downs Syndrome1270 Words   |  6 PagesGenetic Engineering Imagine a world where autism and downs syndrome are a thing of the past, and where there is no shortage on food for anybody. Over the years mankind has developed and improved technology to save more and more lives through the manipulation of the DNA that makes up all living organisms. However, there are those who oppose this approach. Despite the risks and ethical concerns, genetic engineering holds the potential to benefit humanity through both direct and indirect means. InRead MoreGenetic Engineering : Genetically Modified Food1229 Words   |  5 PagesGenetic engineering is a technique which uses biotechnology to change an organism s genome. Currently, this technology has been used in an abundance of fields, for example medical science, agriculture and industry. Furthermore, numerous countries have never stopped the research on genetic engineering because they think the technology of gene will become the main competitiveness in the future. As a result for the rapid development of genetic engineering. With the development of this technology, someRead MoreGenetic Engineering : The Field Of Biomedical Research1710 Words   |  7 PagesGenetic engineering is the latest experimental practice used in the world of biomedical research. This practice refers to humans modifying an animals’ genetic component in order to express a particular trait (Dale et al). The scientific community calls the animals produced by this practice as transgenic animals in order to distinguish between its wild type relative. This innovative technology paved ways for medical breakthroughs, along with the expansion of human understanding towards the mechanismsRead MoreThe case for and against genetic engineering Essay examples640 Words   |  3 Pages The case for and against genetic engineering I will look at the case for and against the use of genetic engineering and make a conclusion on whether or not I believe that it is right. As I believe in genetic engineering, I will start buy looking at the reasons that support it. The main reason that I support genetic engineering is that this technology has dramatically improved our ability to treat and even cure diseases and gentic disorders. If mRNA is isolated andRead MoreDesigner Babies Essay905 Words   |  4 PagesAdolf Hitler. Designer Babies, a form of human genetic engineering, should be banned. When a human is created with a different embryo in a lab that child can feel a lost sense of identity; also, genetic engineering can lead to a loss of human diversity and an imbalance between the social classes; and the procedure for testing and creating genetically engineered children destroys embryos that had the potential of becoming a child. Genetic engineering is a field that is growing rapidly every singleRead MoreGenetic Engineering: Brave New World1012 Words   |  5 PagesGenetic engineering has been around for many years and is widely used all over the planet. Many people don’t realize that genetic engineering is part of their daily lives and diet. Today, almost 70 percent of processed foods from a grocery store were genetically engineered. Genetic engineering can be in plants, foods, animals, and even humans. Although debates about genetic engineering still exist, many people have accepted due to the health benefits of gene therapy. The lack of knowledge has always

Cyber Crimes Reflected Through Television Programs

Cyber Crimes Reflected Through Television Programs Cybercrimes are a culture which has facilitated technological criminal efforts to undermine government and private organizations in order to create disruption and panic on a large scale. Today’s television programming takes a series of intelligence type action roles, which prove the impact of post 9/11. Computer crimes have increased nationwide fears. The television series 24 is an action drama featuring a make believe personality known as Jack Bauer. During the show, Bauer has been frequently on the move to give- up various plots. (U.S. Department of State, National Strategy for Combating Terrorism, January 2001-2009). Bauer is a counter-terrorist agent who works out of a Counter†¦show more content†¦Computer crimes are perpetrated against thousands of Americans daily. The retail giant Target experienced several major computer crimes during the Black Friday’s discounted sales promotions, when thousands of their customer’s personal and financial information were stolen via the internet using computers. This is just one of many crimes involving information processing systems and the internet. This single act in its entirety encompassed all of the cyber crimes addressed previously. Account holders will not incur any financial burden from the breach, but the financial institutions, or merchant who issued he card(s), acquire the cost amid situation like this (By CNNMoney Staff @CNNMoney December 19, 2013: 4:41 PM ET). As technology changes every day, you can always expect many more new offenders, offenses, and victims simply based on the caliber of knowledge someone possesses, and by the role of the technology they are able to access. Computers can be used in the different ways to perpetrate these offenses. For instance, hackers use computers to infect the functions of a computer or a computer system by putting viruses into te network.. The cyber-criminal’s activities play an intricate role in economics, largely in the physical aspect, software costs are involved because of needed improvement constantly needed to combat new threats. â€Å"In 2011, seventy two percent of data breach cases affectedShow MoreRelatedThe Legal Terms Of Piracy1705 Words   |  7 Pagesinfringement occurs daily, as often people make copies of items without previous knowledge of their illegal actions. These minute acts are difficult to prevent though, especially with the ability to scan, search, paste, and print content across the cyber world. The most rare copyright infractions are the right to make derivative works and the right to court relief. There are occasional circumstances in which either occurs, though such events are observed quite strictly by the U.S. Copyright OfficeRead MoreIncreasing Crimes7023 Words   |  29 PagesINCREASING CRIMES/SUICIDES AMONG THE YOUTH OF INDIA. INCREASING CRIME RATES AMONG THE YOUTH IN INDIA. Introduction: Open any newspaper or tune into any news channel and you can be pretty sure to stumble upon crimes of all sorts ranging from petty thefts to dacoity, murder, terrorism, sexual crimes and the like. The statistics show that the miscreants have been found quite focused and determined at their jobs. In India for instance, as per the National Crime Records Bureau, incidences of crime sinceRead MoreA Swot and Pest Analysis10002 Words   |  41 PagesReliability, Efficiency, Cost-effectiveness, Customer-orientation and Accessibility are the main guidelines for the development of egovernment in Singapore in order to provide quality services to users in the digital economy. There are five thrusts and six programs of egovernance in Singapore. The development of e-Government involves three main relationships: Government to Citizen (G2C), Government to Business (G2B) and Government to Employees/Public Servants (G2E). This paper employs the SWOT (Strengths, WeaknessesRead MoreFactors Influencing Enhanced Data Security Essay9883 Words   |  40 PagesSignature Date ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First I would like to thank my two supervisors who have guided me in writing this proposal. More particularly my special thanks go tomy lecturers for taking me through the MBA course. I am also greatly indebted to my fellow students who were with me throughout the course work. Contents DECLARATION 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 3 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS 6 OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS 7 ABSTRACT 8 1.1 BackgroundRead MoreProduct Placement10670 Words   |  43 PagesProduct placement, or embedded marketing, is a form of advertisement, where branded goods or services are placed in a context usually devoid of ads, such as movies, the story line of television shows, or news programs. The product placement is often not disclosed at the time that the good or service is featured. Product placement became common in the 1980s. In April 2006, Broadcasting Cable reported, Two thirds of advertisers employ branded entertainment—product placement—with the vast majorityRead MoreProduct Placement10682 Words   |  43 PagesProduct placement, or embedded marketing, is a form of advertisement, where branded goods or services are placed in a context usually devoid of ads, such as movies, the story line of television shows, or news programs. The product placement is often not disclosed at the time that the good or service is featured. Product placement became common in the 1980s. In April 2006, Broadcasting Cable reported, Two thirds of advertisers employ branded entertainment—product placement—with the vast majorityRead MoreThe Yahoo Case Essay4865 Words   |  20 PagesServers amp; Yahoo Store. * Enterprise and Corporate Solutions Although the majority of the services are offered for free, Yahoo charges a fee for its premium services and the revenues are mainly generated from advertising and marketing through the majority of Yahoo properties and affiliate sites. Despite a relative success and profitability in the 1990s, Yahoos strategy, execution and stock price have been stuck for many years now, due obviously to inappropriate decisions when facingRead MoreSocial Networking Sites-Boon/Bane15517 Words   |  63 Pagesbetween teenagers has been in existence for many years. With social networking sites, it has got a different dimension. I dont see anything wrong with it. Every generation has its own way of communicating. We cannot judge good or bad behaviour through it, but its the actual behavior which should be a source of concern for them than any secret language, It can also be a source of a rebel cause for a generation that wears Che Guevera T-shirts as Facebook addict Avirat Akre says, Its the Gen-XRead MoreEssay on IBM Case Study Group 3 2 draft11270 Words   |  46 Pagesemployees take pride in enabling the world and customers to live in a smarter planet with smarter commerce, smarter computing, and smarter cities. IBM offers many different business and computing offerings in order to meet its customer’s needs. Through new innovations, implementation of the Cloud and expanding its global strategy by doubling its business service consultants, IBM will continue to succeed and meet the needs of customers worldwide. This paper will examine the current financial statusRead MoreAccounting Information System Chapter 1137115 Words   |  549 Pagesexternal parties, and specify the information received from and sent to each of them. The author turns this question into an in-class group activity. Students are divided up in groups, told to close their books, and given 15 minutes to: a. Think through the business processes, key decisions, and information needs issues in their group. b. Identify the external users of information and specify the information received from and sent to each of them. One group is selected to present their answers

Health Care Reform Patient Protection And Affordable...

Health Care Reform The health care reform of 2010, Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), signed by the President Barrack Obama marked a significant landmark on the health care system that needed to be changed in order to provide health to the millions of uninsured in the United States. Nurses play an important role in the Affordable Care Act. According to Nickitas (2015), â€Å"nurses need deep understanding of the cost of care, health economics, and policy. Understanding the impact of the cost of care on society at large is an ethical imperative, particularly because nurses are consistently rated by society as the most trusted professionals† (p.158). The purpose of this paper is to discuss the financial factors that influence the health care today. Topics like cost containment, reimbursement methods, economic factors, funding sources, and business influences will also be explored. Socioeconomic Status and Health Outcome In general, individuals with higher socioeconomic status have better health, hence, lower mortality rate. â€Å"Individuals who occupy the lower ranks in the social and economic hierarchies†¦ experience worse health status and higher levels of mortalities† (Palloni Yonker, 2014, p. 15). Socioeconomic status encompasses the individual’s education, income and occupation. All of those factors can have an impact on an individual’s health. Families with higher income can provide greater quality food choices, have good healthcare, afford living in a safeShow MoreRelatedAffordable Care Act And Small Business1662 Words   |  7 PagesAffordable Care Act and Small Business Many people have a lot of questions when it comes to the new healthcare reform law. First off Obamacare is formally called the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is the healthcare reform law that was signed in 2010 and now many states have opened their health insurance marketplace exchanges as of October 1, 2013. This new healthcare reform law aims to increase the number of Americans that are coveredRead MoreThe Patient Protection Affordable Care Act Essay1648 Words   |  7 PagesThe Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, more commonly known as Obamacare, was passed in June of 2010 by the Supreme Court (Doyle 1). Georges C. Benjamin, MD, the executive director of the Public Health Association says: The new law will guarantee millions of Americans access to quality, affordable care regardless of health status; decrease rates of the nation’s leading chronic diseases; control soaring health spending; and strengthen our battered public health infrastructure†¦ Health reformRead MoreObama Essay930 Words   |  4 PagesLaw Identification The Affordable Health Care Act also known as Obamacare is a reform law that was enacted in March of 2010 by the 111th United States Congress that had begun the last two weeks of George W. Bush’s presidency. And what they did was have a legislative branch meeting in 2010 to discuss The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act that was eventually nicknamed Obamacare, that also included the Health Care and Reconciliation Act of 2010.This was an act that would ensure that all AmericansRead MoreAffordable Care Act1414 Words   |  6 PagesPatient Protection and Affordable Care Act Yolanda Raqueno HCS/455 April 17, 2013 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act The goal of this essay is to discuss the health care system in the United States. Another aim of this essay is to discuss the health policy, to improve, and to reduce inequalities. In the United States the private insurance system is a major provider of health care services, health care system is expensive and in many cases not efficient. This essay focusesRead MoreEssay about Hca 305 Week 2 Assignment1625 Words   |  7 PagesPATIENT PROTECTION amp; AFFORDABLE CARE ACT OF 2010 (P.P.A.C.A.) HCA305: The U.S. Health Care System Instructor Delana Chappell-James January 14, 2013 PATIENT PROTECTION amp; AFFORDABLE CARE ACT OF 2010 (P.P.A.C.A.) Introduction If there is one thing that most Americans are in agreement with, it is the vile shape of our U.S. health care system. There is no argument that the U.S. health care system is in need of an overhaul, however, there is much debate over just how to effectivelyRead MoreA Brief Note On The Affordable Care Act1447 Words   |  6 PagesAccess to care is a distress to nurses today. In 2010, the Affordable Care Act was passed to help lighten restraints to access to care. With the multitude of legislation, guidelines, and rules enforced by bureaucracy offices, private division underwriters, and institutes, nurses are challenged concerning the intertwine fluxes of budget limitations and the ability to provide to proper quality of care. As a result of the limited access to adequate healthcare services, there are multiple problems thatRead MoreRole of Nurses in The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act666 Words   |  3 PagesPresident Obama signed the Patient Protection and Affordable C are Act (ObamaCare) and former ANA President Rebecca M. Patton, MSN, RN, CNOR witnessed this historical moment. American nurses celebrate with satisfaction, because their hard work paid off, enacting historical health care reform legislation that benefits not only nurses but their patient as well. Despite that the health care reform is now a reality, is important to keep working in order to make sure that the reform is implemented effectivelyRead MoreHealthcare Crisis And Affordable Care Act1317 Words   |  6 PagesHealthcare Crisis Affordable Care Act During the 2008 presidential election, the issue of health care reform became a pressing issue, mainly among the Democrats. Supporters quoted that nearly 46 million Americans were uninsured while 25 million did not have sufficient health coverage. The costly monthly insurance premiums led countless individuals to fully rely on government entitled programs for their health care needs. Upon his election, President Obama made health care reform the focus of hisRead MoreEssay about The Impact of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act1018 Words   |  5 PagesAmerica’s health industry, primarily the health insurance and pharmaceutical industry, is careless and just plain greedy! I have learned there are about fifty million Americans who are uninsured while the rest who have insurance could become and are â€Å"victims of insurance company fraud†(Moore). If you have a certain age or health problems health insurance will deny you no matter what. THE IMPACT OF THE P ATIENT PROTECTION AND AFFORDABLE CARE ACT ON MIDDLE-SIZED CLASS. THE CIRSIS AND THE NEED TO REFORM HEALTHRead MorePatient Protection, Affordable Care Act, and the Uninsured702 Words   |  3 PagesPatient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Uninsured: One of the major social problems in the United States is the increasing number of uninsured people who are among the vulnerable populations in the America. In 2008, there were approximately 46 million of non-elderly Americans without health insurance including adults and children. While this population includes people from all age ranges, young adults account for a significant portion of these people since they are likely to be uninsured

Importance of Being Earnest Essay Example For Students

Importance of Being Earnest Essay Title: The Importance of Being Earnest Author: Oscar Wilde Setting: Begins in a flat in London then proceeds to a manor house in the countryside in the late 1800s. Plot: Two men, John Jack Earnest Worthing and Algernon Moncrieff, use the deception a Bunbury that both their names were Ernest, in order to secure marriage to the women they love, Gwendolen Fairfax and Cecily Cardew. Then there is the ultimate unraveling of their lies, which still ends in their impending nuptials. Cast of Key Characters John Jack Ernest Worthing Bon-vivant Jack to Algernon 2 Algernon is asking Jack what brought him to town. Jack has come to town to get away from his responsibilities in the country, his ward Cecily, and to see Gwendolen, whom he wishes to propose marriage. In order to do this he has committed the Bunbury that he has come to see his brother, Ernest, who doesnt exist. He wishes to enjoy the pleasures before attending to his guardian duties. Quote: When one is in town one amuses oneself. When one is in the country one amuses other people. It is excessively boring. Curmudgeon Jack to Algernon 3 Jack has come to propose to Gwendolen. Which is the express reason behind his lying about his name being Ernest. Algy feels that is business not pleasure. Jack thinks it is utterly unromantic. Algernon says he will forget about romance when he is married. Though Algy doesnt know it yet when he sees Cecily he will shed this view. Jack feels that the view Algernon has, others do also and that is what causes the dissolution process to be born. Jack is generalizing his cynical view of unromantic people. Quote: The divorce court was specially invented for people whose memories are so curiously constituted. Architect Jack to Algy 3 Algy has said it is distasteful the way Gwendolen and Jack flirt with each other. This prompts Jack to state his romantic intentions toward Gwendolen. Jack has a specific goal, which is to marry Gwendolen. This is his sole purpose for coming to town. Jack is so intent on marrying Gwendolen he has created a bunbury, the phantom brother Ernest, in order to see her. He also lies that his name is Ernest. Quote: I am in love with Gwendolen. I have come to town expressly to propose to her. Conniver Jack to Algernon 4 Algernon is trying to found why there is an inscription of the name Cecily on Jacks lighter. Jack creates the lie that Cecily is his aunt when in actuality she is his ward. The lie beings to unravel here because Algernon continues to question Jack. This is Jacks Bunbury to Algy and there are many more to come. Jack hopes that this lie will discourage any further pursuit of his true relation, guardian, to Cecily. Quote: Well if you want to know Cecily happens to be my aunt. Critic Jack to Algernon 6 Jack has been trying to satisfy Algys fanatic questioning for the explanation of the inscription on Jacks cigarette case. Jack has said that he is Ernest in town and Jack in the country. Jack is not named Ernest. It is a phantom brothe r he has invented. Jack is going to explain his reason for lying in order to come to town, but he doesnt believe Algernon has a somber personality to comprehend his reasons. Quote: My dear Algy, I dont know whether you will be able to understand my real motives. You are hardly serious enough. Martyr Jack to Algy 6 Algy has returned the cigarette case to Jack; now, he wishes to hear the reason Jack is Ernest in town and Jack in the country. Jack shows his bunbury to Algy. Jack is Cecilys guardian that is why he is Jack in the country. In order to come to town he has invented a wayward brother named Ernest. Jack explains his reasons for lying about who Cecily really is and who he is to Cecily. He is essentially her immediate forebear and must keep up social standards. It is his responsibility to guard against any degrading of her values. Jack makes sacrifices to be Cecilys protector. One of his sacrifices is that he must lie in order to see Gwendolen, whom he doesnt see as often as he would like. Quote: When one is placed in the position of guardian, one has to adopt a very high moral tone on all subjects. Its ones duty. Dreamer Jack to Gwendolen 10 Jack is attempting to ask for Gwendolens hand in marriage. Gwendolen declares her passion for him and her wishes that he had shown more of his adore in public. When Jack remembers the day he met Gwendolen and he is telling her of his adore for her, he stammers through his declaration with awe of her. You can picture the star struck look in his eyes. Jack is dreaming of the time Gwendolen will be his ownest, which occurs at the end of the play. Quote: Miss Fairfax, ever since I met you I have admired you more than any girlI have ever met sinceI met you. Caregiver Jack to Lady Bracknell 14 Lady Bracknell has been questioning Jack about his background in order to determine his worthiness to marry Gwendolen. It has come out that Jack was found in a handbag in a train station cloakroom. Lady Bracknell will not allow the m arriage unless Jack can find his parentage. It would be below social standards and not very profitable for Gwendolen to marry someone of such origins. Jack is questioning Lady Bracknell of what to do, because he yearns to make Gwendolen full of zeal and must do so for his sake. Quote: May I ask you then what you would advise me to do? I need hardly say I would do anything in the world to ensure Gwendolens happiness. Judge Jack to Lady Bracknell 48 Lady Bracknell has just learned that Algy is engaged to Cecily. Cecily meets all of Lady Bracknells criteria, especially the money. Jack wont allow Algy to marry Cecily unless Lady Bracknell allows him to marry him. Jack is talking to Lady Bracknell about Algernons request to marry Cecily. He states that this will not happen because he finds that Algernon is a lyre and lacks any scruples. He judges Algy unfit as a match for Cecily because of Algys Bunbury. Quote: It pains me very much to have to speak frankly to you, Lady Bracknell, about your nephew, but the fact is that I do not approve at all of his moral character. I suspect him of being untruthful. Algernon Moncrieff Curmudgeon Algernon to Lane 2 Algernon is talking with Lane about the amount of wine consumed at his last dinner party. The comment that the wine at a bachelors house is better than a married household is made by Lane. And Lane infers his ideas of marriage to Algy. Algy feels that the social inferiors should hold up a better moral standard for the upper crust about marriage. And if they do not then they are worthless. After all it is their job to do so. It is ironic that Algy should speak of lower class morals when he has none of his own. His life is full of bunburying for entertainment. Quote: Lanes views on marriageReally, if the lower orders dont set us a good example, what on earth is the use of them? They seem, as a class, to have absolutely no sense of moral responsibility. Judge Algy to Jack 2 Jack finds out that Gwendolen is due to arrive wi th her mother, Lady Bracknell. This fits perfectly with his plan to purpose to Gwendolen. He wishes to recruit Algy to help by getting Lady Bracknell out of the way. Algernon talks to Jack of his conduct around Gwendolen and the lusty looks exchanged between the two of them. Their conduct is unbecoming of Ladies and Gentlemen. Pg. 2 My dear fellow, the way you flirt with Gwendolen is perfectly disgraceful. It is almost as bad as the way Gwendolen flirts with you. Avant-garde Algy to Jack 4 The last time Jack was at Algys house he left his cigarette case. Algy is reading the inscription and says the case must not be Jacks, because his name is Ernest. This indicates Jacks Bunbury. Algernon wants Jack to explain who Cecily is. He demands that the cigarette case inscription is explained and he is the first to mention it. Jack has been missing it for a while now. This is the first time Jack gets caught in his lies. Quote: Bring me that cigarette case Mr. Worthing left in the smoking-room the last time he dined here. Fanatic Algy to Jack 5 Algy bombards Jack on every lie he is telling about the inscription on the cigarette case. Cecily cant be his aunt when she calls him her Uncle Jack. Jack is really her guardian. Algy tells Jack that his name must be Ernest. Jack explains he is Jack in the country and Ernest in town. Ernest is really Jacks phantom brother. Algernon is quite persistent about the true explanation of the inscription on the cigarette case. For every little bit of reason he is given he continually pursues more and wont let the subject drop. He advances on Jack from every angle about the meaning of the words. Quote: Yes. But why does your aunt call you her uncle? From little Cecily, with her fondest love to her dear Uncle Jack. There is no objection, I admit, to an aunt being a small aunt, but why an aunt, no matter what her size may be, should call her own nephew her uncle, I cant quite make out. Besides, your name isnt Jack at all; it is Ernest. Conni ver Algy to Lane 8 Lady Bracknell and Gwendolen have arrived at Algys to find Jack there. Lady Bracknell is not pleased. Lady Bracknell apologizes for being late. Lady Bracknell wishes to have some tea and cucumber sandwiches, but Algy ate them all. Instead of telling her that he ate them, he makes an acquisition to Lane about where they are seeing he was to prepare them. This sets Lane up to lie and cover Algys indiscretion. Algy doesnt have to commit the bunbury some one else does. Quote: Good Heavens! Lane! Why are there no cucumber sandwiches? I ordered them specially Jester Algy to Jack18 Jack is proclaiming his love for Gwendolen when Algy interrupts with a giggle. Jack wants to know why. Algy is thinking of Bunbury. Algy has been listening in on Jack and Gwendolens conversation. Through the conversation he has found out where Jack lives in the country. He has secretly written down the address. The Bunbury he is thinking about is that he is going to the country house as Ernest to meet Cecily. Quote: Oh, Im a little anxious about Bunbury. Bon-vivant Algy to Lane 18 Lane presents Algy with a stack of bills and Algy destroys them and wishes to indulge in some spirits instead of tending to his responsibilities. Quote: Lane presents several letters on a salver to Algernon. It is to be surmised that they are bills, as Algernon, after looking at the envelopes tears them up Algernon says A glass of sherry, Lane Architect Algy to Jack 40 Jack admits to Gwendolen and Cecily that he has no brother at all and never did. The fact is Algy is really his brother, as he will find out later. Algy and Jack have both pretended to be named Ernest to marry the ladies. Now the lies have unraveled. The ladys figured out that neither of them will marry a man named Ernest and they are both quite mad. The women leave the men alone in the garden. Jack says this must be Algernons idea of a Bunbury and Algernon feels this is the epitome of bunburying. This is Algernons greatest legac y. Quote: yes, and a perfectly wonderful Bunbury it is. The most wonderful Bunbury I have ever had in my life. Visionary Algy to Jack 16 Algy wants to know if Gwendolen has accepted Jacks proposal. Gwendolen accepted, but Lady Bracknell is forbidding it due to Jacks origins. Jack badmouths Lady Bracknell. Algy is unwaivered by it. Algy implies that Gwendolen will turn out like Lady Bracknell. Jack sarcastically wonders is Algy believes he is being clever. Algy is showing conceit in that he is quite sure it is clever and true. Quote: It is perfectly phrased! And quite as true as any observation in civilized life should be. Lady Augusta Bracknell Director Lady Bracknell to Gwendolen 8 Lady Bracknell and Gwendolen arrive at Algys. Lady Bracknell sees Jack and gives him an icy bow. She does not approve of Jack and Gwendolen together it puts disorder to her plans for Gwendolens life. Lady Augusta doesnt like that her daughter has sat next to Jack and wishes to put order back to the situa tion. Quote: Wont you come and sit here, Gwendolen Oppressor Lady Bracknell to Gwendolen 12 Jack has just purposed to Gwendolen and Lady Bracknell comes in and interrupts. Gwendolen informs her mother that she is interrupting Mr. Worthing and that she and Mr. Worthing are engaged. Lady Bracknell brings Gwendolen back down to size with the firm reply that this is not so until she, her mother decides it to occur. Lady Bracknell wants Gwendolen to fear and respect her authority as her mother. Quote: Pardon meYou are not engaged to any one. When you do become engaged to some one, I, or your father, should his health permit him, will inform you of the fact Traditionalist Lady Bracknell to Gwendolen 12 Lady Bracknell has just been informed of Gwendolens engagement to Jack. She tells Gwendolen that this is not in line with tradition. She then explains the tradition. Lady Bracknell is a firm believer in the tradition of the time for marriages to be arranged by the family and not by the indi viduals. This is the only proper way for a lady to acquire wealth and keep her innocence from being tarnished. Quote: An engagement should come on a young girl as a surprise, pleasant or unpleasant, as the case may be. It is hardly a matter that she could be allowed to arrange for herself Critic Lady Bracknell to Jack 12 Lady Bracknell takes out a notebook and looks at it. The list she has is the same one the Duchess of Bolton has. Lady Bracknell is trying to give herself higher social status by association. Lady Bracknell is speaking to Jack about his status as a worthy suitor for her Gwendolen. He just doesnt make the cut of the upper class bachelors. He isnt on the roster of the best choice for mothers to make for their daughters. Quote: I feel bound to tell you that you are not on my list of eligible young men Curmudgeon Lady Bracknell to jack 13 Lady Bracknell is interviewing Jack. She asked him what he knows. He knows nothing. She is glad to hear that. Lady Bracknell is speaki ng to Jack of her view of education. She thinks it would hurt the upper class for there to be intellectual people and that it might possibly cause a riot on the royal family, but that problem wont occur in England because even educating people doesnt come first, social status does. Quote: The whole theory of modern education is radically unsound. Fortunately in England, at any rate, education produces no effect whatsoever. If it did, it would prove a serious danger to the upper classes, and probably lead to acts of violence in Grosvenor Square. Caregiver Lady Bracknell to Jack 15 Jack has told Lady Bracknell of his origins, found in a handbag at a train station in a cloakroom. In order for her to allow Jack to marry Gwendolen he must produce a parent. Jack can produce the handbag. Lady Bracknell needs to make sure her daughter is chosen the proper man for marriage. She feels Gwendolen needs her to make the choice for her, because they have done so most of her life. Quote: You can ha rdly imagine that I and Lord Bracknell would dream of allowing our only daughter-a girl brought up with the utmost care- to marry into a cloak-room and form an alliance with a parcel? Hon. Gwendolen Fairfax Architect Gwendolen to Jack 10 Jack is telling Gwendolen about how much he admires her since he first saw her. Gwendolen says she knows and that she too has admired him because of his name. She has always known she would marry an Ernest because it is fashionable. Gwendolen is a fraud about being honorable, because the only reason she is in love with Jack is that she thinks his name is Ernest. This is Gwendolens Bunbury, the pretense of love. It has been her goal since the day she met him. Quote: and my ideal has always been to love some one of the name Ernest. There is something in that name that inspires absolute confidence. The moment Algernon first mentioned to me that he had a friend called Ernest, I knew I was destined to love you. Conniver Gwendolen to Jack 10 Jack asks if Gwendolen would not love him if his name were not Ernest. Gwendolen starts speaking deliberately smooth and calculated almost too much so to be believable. She is telling him it is of no matter because his name is Ernest; therefore, she dances around the question. She is trying to cover up the fact that if his name were not Ernest she would not even take a second look at him. Quote: Glibly. Ah! That is clearly a metaphysical speculation, and like most metaphysical speculation has very little reference at all to the actual facts of real life, as we know them. Oppressor Gwendolen to Lady Bracknell 12 After Jack has proposed to Gwendolen, her mother returns to the room and instead of allowing Jack to stand Gwendolen does so and informs her mother of their engagement. Gwendolen takes control of the situation first. Gwendolen is physically restraining to Jack. She is verbally leashing to her mother, Lady Bracknell. Quote: Mamma! He tries to rise; she restrains him. I must beg you to reti re. This is no place for you. Besides, Mr. Worthing has not quite finished yet. Critic Gwendolen to Cecily 37 Gwendolen has come to the country house to surprise Jack. She meets Cecily first. They are exchanging polite insults to each other. Cecily is basically saying; if it looks like a duck and walks like a duck, it must be a duck. Cecily believes that Gwendolen has tricked Ernest to marry her. The fact is Algy is pretending to be Ernest and is whom Cecily is engaged. Jack is whom Gwendolen is engaged to and Jack is also pretending to be named Ernest. Gwendolen has just learned of the engagement between Ernest and Cecily and they are becoming engaged in a polite grit your teeth argument. Gwendolen lets Cecily know she obviously was raised in an improper style. Quote: I am glad to say that I have never seen a spade. It is obvious that our social spheres have been widely different. Caregiver Gwendolen to Cecily 39 Jack has told the ladies he doesnt have a brother named Ernest. Cecil y tells Gwendolen; her Ernest is Uncle Jack. That means that neither of the women is engaged to man named Ernest. Ironically after all the jealousy between the women they now have a common cause and unit. After Gwendolen and Cecily find out they has been lied to, they embrace and Gwendolen tells Cecily she will care for her like a big sister. Quote: You will call me sister, will you not? Cecily Cardew Deviant Cecily to Miss Prism 21 Miss Prism has just called for Cecily to come over and do her lessons. Cecily is talking with Miss Prism about her lessons. She tells Miss Prism that she doesnt want to do her German for she will look ordinary. She doesnt want to look like everybody else. She is being vain about her looks. Quote: But I dont like German. It isnt at all a becoming language. I know perfectly well that I look quite plain after my German lesson. Loner Cecily to Miss Prism 22 Cecily thinks Miss Prism could reform Jacks brother, Ernest. Cecily begins writing about Ernest in her diary. Cecily uses her Diary as her Bunbury. Cecilys sole companion is her diary she puts everything in it she lives her life in the pages. She wishes to remember her every detail of existence. Quote: I keep a diary in order to enter the wonderful secrets of my life. If I didnt write them down I should probably forget all about them. Dreamer Cecily to Algernon 32 Jack has demanded Algernon leave, but he has no intention of leaving. Algernon has asked Cecily to marry him. She begins to tell him they are already engaged and have been for some three months. She gives him the account of their lives thus far as lived in her dairy a far cry from reality. She has lived out their relationship in her diary. She has dreamed up the man that now stands in front of her. The only problem is that Algy is pretending to be named Ernest. Quote: On the 14th of February last. Worn out by your entire ignorance of my existence, I determined to end the matter one way or the other, and after a long strugg le with myself I accepted you under this dear old tree here Conformist Cecily to Gwendolen and then Algernon 43 Gwendolen and Cecily have learned that neither of them is engaged to a man named Ernest. Gwendolen and Cecily enter the house they are waiting for the men, Algernon and Jack, to enter. Gwendolen tells Cecily what to do and she follows her cue. The men finally enter. They have agreed not to speak first but Gwendolen does so and Cecily praises her then addresses Algernon also. Quote: Gwendolen, your common sense is invaluable. Mr. Moncrieff, kindly answer me the following question: Why did you pretend to be my guardians brother? Miss Laetitia Prism Traditionalist Miss Prism to Cecily 21 Cecily is watering the flowers. Miss Prism calls Cecily in to do her lessons. Miss Prism feels Cecily should not do manual labor that is not for ladies to do but for servants. Quote: Cecily, Cecily! Surely such a utilitarian occupation as the watering of flowers is rather Moultons duty than y ours? Director Miss Prism to Cecily 21 Cecily has just been tending to the flowers. Once Miss Prism has gotten Cecily to come over and sit down, she puts Cecily in order to do her lessons. Miss Prism tells Cecily what she is to do in her studies. As her teacher she must direct her education. Quote: Your German grammar is on the table. Pray open it at page fifteen. We will repeat yesterdays lesson. Curmudgeon Miss Prism to Cecily 22 Cecily is saying she thinks Miss Prism can reform Jacks brother. Miss Prism thinks the idea of turning over a new leaf is absurd. She is skeptical that it can be done. Quote: I am not in favour of this modern mania for turning bad people into good people at a moments notice. As a man sows so let him reap. Critic Miss Prism to Cecily 22 Miss Prism has written a novel herself. Later we find out that her novel is the key to Jacks true identity. When Miss Prism was younger she was caring for an infant, when she accidentally switched the baby with the book. Sh e placed the infant in her handbag and the novel in the baby carrier. The infant was Jack, whose real name is Ernest. Miss Prism sees no reason for Cecily to have a diary; she has nothing good enough to write about. Quote: You must put away your diary, Cecily. I really dont see why you should keep a dairy at all. Rev. Frederick Canon Chausable Caregiver Chausable to Jack 26 Jack comes in dressed in funeral garb. Jack is using the dress as a lie to eliminate his brother, Ernest. After Jack tells everyone his brother is dead, Chausable as a priest gives comfort to Jack. This is a need for priest to allow others to unburden their grief on them. Quote: Mr. Worthing, I offer you my sincere condolence. You have at least the consolation of knowing that you were always the most generous and forgiving of brothers. Critic Chausable to Jack 27 Jack says his brother will be buried in Paris. Chausable is horrified and feels that Jacks brother was crazy. The Victorian attitude toward Paris is tha t it is a place of ill repute. Algy is pretending to be Jacks brother Ernest to deceive Cecily. Quote: In Paris! Shakes his head} I fear that hardly points to any very serious state of mind at the last Deviant Chausable to Lady Bracknell 50 Lady Bracknell accuses Chausable and Miss Prism of having more than a platonic relationship. She thinks that there are more intimate issues. Chausable is outraged by the implications. He declares that he is a traditional man of God. Chausable shows his unique individuality to Lady Bracknell. Quote: I am a celibate, madame. Theme The Importance of Being Earnest is encompassed in the keeping up of social morals at all costs. The characters continually lie to keep an indignant moral high ground. They feel that without lying they would be unable to achieve their pleasures of life. Two men, John Jack Earnest Worthing and Algernon Moncrieff, use the deception a Bunbury that both their names were Ernest, in order to secure marriage to the women they lov e, Gwendolen Fairfax and Cecily Cardew. Then there is the ultimate unraveling of their lies, which still ends in their impending nuptials. John Jack Ernest Worthing comes to town to get away from his responsibilities in the country, his ward Cecily Cardew, and to see Gwendolen Fairfax, whom he wishes to propose marriage. In order to come to town he has invented a wayward brother named Ernest. He has committed the Bunbury that he has come to see his brother, Ernest, who doesnt exist. He wishes to enjoy the pleasures before attending to his guardian duties. Jack is proclaiming his love for Gwendolen when Algy interrupts with a giggle. Jack wants to know why. Algy is thinking of Bunbury. Algy has been listening in on Jack and Gwendolens conversation. Through the conversation he has found out where Jack lives in the country. He has secretly written down the address. The Bunbury he is thinking about is that he is going to the country house as Ernest to meet Cecily. Algernon has asked Cec ily to marry him. Cecily tells him they are already engaged and that it is written in her diary. Cecily uses her Diary as her Bunbury. She has dreamed up the man that now stands in front of her. The only problem is that Algy is pretending to be named Ernest. Jack admits to Gwendolen and Cecily that he has no brother at all and never did. The fact is Algy is really his brother, as he will find out later. Algy and Jack have both pretended to be named Ernest to marry the ladies. Now the lies have unraveled. The ladys figured out that neither of them will marry a man named Ernest and they are both quite mad. The women leave the men alone in the garden. Jack says this must be Algernons idea of a Bunbury and Algernon feels this is the epitome of bunburying. This is Algernons greatest legacy. Quote: yes, and a perfectly wonderful Bunbury it is. The most wonderful Bunbury I have ever had in my life. In the end, it is shown that there is more truth in many of the characters lies than they kn ew. When Cecily tells Algy that she and he are already engaged and have been for some three months. She gives him the account of their lives thus far as lived in her dairy. She has lived out their relationship in her diary. She has dreamed up the man that now stands in front of her. Miss Prism has written a novel herself. Later we find out that her novel is the key to Jacks true identity. When Miss Prism was younger she was caring for an infant, when she accidentally switched the baby with the book. She placed the infant in her handbag and the novel in the baby carrier. The infant was Jack, whose real name is Ernest. Jacks parents are really Algernons parents also. This means that every time Jack came to town to see Algy he really was seeing his wayward brother. With the truth exposed it also means that Algernon was only lying to Cecily about being named Ernest, because he truly is John Jack Ernest Worthings brother. Being earnest is being truthful. The quote that entails this ideal is on pg. 40 Algernon to Jack Well, one must be serious about something, if one wants to have any amusement in life. I happen to be serious about Bunburying Childhood Depression Essay

most happy Memories Essays - Path, Photo Sharing,

Below is one of our free research papers on life. If the term paper below is not exactly what you're looking for, you can search our essay database for other topics. After years of guesting and trying to decide on what path I will take. Time passed and children have grown and gone. I began to realize I was alway on that path I needed to take. Life is short and I can spend it to ways happy or unhappy, but know matter which path I take I would continue to grow old and making no decision is infact making a decision. The path I decided to take is the path to be happy each and every moment of everyday. There are no answers for some questions and there are no fixing something, so I learn to except things as they are and change those things that can be changed. Sometime I see things don't need changing they may need adding to or left alone. My happy path is that which no matter what I'm older than I was and that path I can not change. I accept that will stay the way it is. In growing older I realize that a change take place with me each day. The other change is that I'm wiser. Becoming wiser is a good thing, but the other change is I'm weaker. It's like no matter what choses you make there is a path already chosen for me. I guest I began to realize that the path was already laid as I got older and became wiser. There should be a question answered before you get to old and wisdom answers it for you. When the years have set in on all the parts of your body, you look in the mirror and the youthful look is gone and all you have are the memories and the choses you made and the path you taken after making those choses. ...

Change Must Occur for Progress to Proceed in the Post-Civil essays

Change Must Occur for Progress to Proceed in the Post-Civil essays Change Must Occur for Progress to Proceed in the Post-Civil War America Many people may define progress as moving forward, advancing, or the growth of a concept for the good of the people that it affects. The vision of progress held by Terence V. Powderly was clearly expressed in the document Terence V. Powderly, The Knights of Labor, 1889. Booker T. Washington also expressed his vision of progress in an address given in Atlanta in 1895. These men had a vision which was to unite the peoples of America to work toward bettering the nations economy and the working and living conditions of its citizens. In order for this progress to occur in post-Civil War America the people had to see how the current conditions of the country, poverty, segregation and racism, and poor working atmosphere were hindering the potential progress of the free workforce. Once these problems were identified, a change had to be accepted by all. Terence V. Powderly was the Grand Master Workman for the Knights of Labor in 1889. In a constitution adopted by the Industrial Brotherhood, he addressed his vision of what needed to be done for workers to ensure a better life for the citizens and advancement of the country. Powderly fought for fair, safe conditions in the workplace (miners, manufacturers, or builders), the enactment of an eight hour work day, and for workers to receive a proper share of the money that they earn. Also he fought for the prohibition of child labor defined as any worker under the age of fourteen. Powderly believed, It was necessary to teach the laborer that it was not essential for him to grovel in the dust at the feet of a master in order to win his title deed to everlasting bliss in the hereafter, 1 Most significantly Powderly wanted to teach the masses not be controlled by the forces in charge without just compensation and conditions for their work. Sharecropping was a common means of living on the South ...

Homer Simpsons Figures of Speech

Homer Simpsons Figures of Speech English? Who needs that? Im never going to England! Woo-hoo! The immortal words of Mr. Homer Simpson- beer-guzzling, donut-popping patriarch, nuclear-power-plant safety inspector, and Springfields resident rhetorician. Indeed, Homer has contributed far more to the English language than just the popular interjection Doh. Lets take a look at some of those rich contributions- and along the way review several rhetorical terms. Homers Rhetorical Questions Consider this exchange from a Simpson family symposium: Mother Simpson: [singing] How many roads must a man walk down before you can call him a man?Homer: Seven.Lisa: No, dad, its a rhetorical question.Homer: OK, eight.Lisa: Dad, do you even know what rhetorical means?Homer: Do I know what rhetorical means? In fact, Homeric logic often depends on a rhetorical question for its expression: Books are useless! I only ever read one book, To Kill A Mockingbird, and it gave me absolutely no insight on how to kill mockingbirds! Sure it taught me not to judge a man by the color of his skin . . . but what good does that do me? One particular type of rhetorical question favored by Homer is erotesis, a question implying strong affirmation or denial: Donuts. Is there anything they cant do? Homers Figures of Speech Though sometimes misjudged as a complete moron, Homer is actually a deft manipulator of the oxymoron: Oh Bart, dont worry, people die all the time. In fact, you could wake up dead tomorrow. And our favorite figure of ridicule is actually quite handy with figures of speech. To explain human behavior, for instance, he relies on personification: The only monster here is the gambling monster that has enslaved your mother! I call him Gamblor, and its time to snatch your mother from his neon claws! Chiasmus guides Homer to new levels of self-understanding: All right, brain, I dont like you and you dont like meso lets just do this, and Ill get back to killing you with beer. And here, in just five words, he manages to combine apostrophe and tricolon in a heartfelt encomium: Television! Teacher, mother, secret lover. Of course, Homer isnt always familiar with the names of such classical figures: Lisa: Thats Latin, Dadthe language of Plutarch.Homer: Mickey Mouses dog? But stop snickering, Lisa: the language of Plutarch was Greek. Simpson Repeats Like the great orators of ancient Greece and Rome, Homer employs repetition to evoke pathos and underscore key points. Here, for example, he inhabits the spirit of Susan Hayward in a breathless anaphora: I want to shake off the dust of this one-horse town. I want to explore the world. I want to watch TV in a different time zone. I want to visit strange, exotic malls. I’m sick of eating hoagies! I want a grinder, a sub, a foot-long hero! I want to LIVE, Marge! Won’t you let me live? Won’t you, please?† Epizeuxis serves to convey a timeless Homeric truth: When it comes to compliments, women are ravenous blood-sucking monsters always wanting more . . . more . . . MORE! And if you give it to them, youll get plenty back in return. And polyptoton leads to a profound discovery: Marge, whats wrong? Are you hungry? Sleepy? Gassy? Gassy? Is it gas? Its gas, isnt it? Homeric Arguments Homers rhetorical turns, especially his efforts to argue by analogy, sometimes take odd detours: Son, a woman is a lot like a . . . a refrigerator! Theyre about six feet tall, 300 pounds. They make ice, and . . . um . . . Oh, wait a minute. Actually, a woman is more like a beer.Son, a woman is like a beer. They smell good, they look good, youd step over your own mother just to get one! But you cant stop at one. You wanna drink another woman!You know, boys, a nuclear reactor is a lot like a woman. You just have to read the manual and press the right buttons.Fame was like a drug. But what was even more like a drug were the drugs. Yes, Mr. Simpson is occasionally word challenged, as in the malapropism that punctuates this distinctively Homeric prayer: Dear Lord, thank you for this microwave bounty, even though we dont deserve it. I mean . . . our kids are uncontrollable hellions! Pardon my French, but they act like savages! Did you see them at the picnic? Oh, of course you did. Youre everywhere, youre omnivorous. Oh Lord! Why did you spite me with this family? Consider as well Homers eccentric (or perhaps dyslexic?) use of hypophora (raising questions and answering them): Whats a wedding? Websters dictionary describes it as the act of removing weeds from ones garden. And now and then his thoughts collapse before he can make it to the end of a sentence, as in this case of aposiopesis: I wont sleep in the same bed with a woman who thinks Im lazy! Im going right downstairs, unfold the couch, unroll the sleeping bauh, goodnight. The Master Rhetorician But for the most part, Homer Simpson is an artful and deliberate rhetorician. For one thing, hes a self-proclaimed master of verbal irony: Owww, look at me, Marge, Im making people happy! Im the magical man, from Happy Land, who lives in a gumdrop house on Lolly Pop Lane! . . . By the way I was being sarcastic. And he dispenses wisdom with dehortatio: The code of the schoolyard, Marge! The rules that teach a boy to be a man. Lets see. Dont tattle. Always make fun of those different from you. Never say anything, unless youre sure everyone feels exactly the same way you do. Next time you catch The Simpsons on TV, see if you can identify additional examples of these rhetorical concepts: analogyanaphoraaposiopesisapostrophechiasmusdehortatioencomiumepizeuxiserotesisfigures of speechhypophoramalapropismoxymoronpersonificationpolyptotonrhetorical questiontricolonverbal irony